ELIT ( English Language Instructor Testing )

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In this section, you will listen to a university lecture. You will hear the text only once.

Choose the correct option.

Why is mobility important for nomadic societies?

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What is one reason nomads switch food sources throughout the year?

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How are decisions typically made in nomadic communities?

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What does the speaker say about leadership among the Mongols?

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How is knowledge passed down in nomadic cultures?

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What is said about Bedouin children’s education?

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How do nomads typically interact with settled communities?

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What characterizes nomadic spiritual practices?

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What modern technology supports nomadic adaptation today?

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What is the speaker’s overall tone regarding nomadic societies?

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You have 20 minutes to complete this test.

The Productivity Myth
It is commonly believed that the more we work, the more we achieve. In modern
workplaces, long hours are often equated with dedication and success. However,
studies consistently show that after a certain threshold, productivity begins to decline,
and errors increase. Ironically, working longer does not necessarily mean working
better.
In fact, researchers in organizational psychology have pointed out that overworking
leads to burnout, reduced creativity, and poor decision-making. A study by Stanford
University revealed that productivity per hour declines sharply when a person works
more than 50 hours a week. After 55 hours, the output becomes negligible. Yet many
professionals still push through 60–70-hour workweeks, driven more by culture than
necessity.
One reason for this is the illusion of productivity. When people stay at their desks
longer, it looks like they are doing more—even when the quality of their work suffers.
This “busy culture” is deeply embedded in corporate environments, especially in
competitive industries like finance, law, and tech.
Interestingly, companies that implement shorter workweeks or flexible schedules often
report higher satisfaction and output. For instance, a trial in Iceland where employees
shifted to a 4-day week showed either maintained or increased productivity.
Employees were not only more focused but also more engaged and healthier overall.
It is becoming increasingly clear that productivity is less about time spent and more
about how that time is used. As the world of work evolves, perhaps it’s time to
challenge the outdated assumption that being busy is the same as being productive.

What is the main argument of the passage?

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According to the Stanford study, what happens after 55 hours of work per
week?

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What does the term "illusion of productivity" refer to?

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Which industry is NOT mentioned as an example of “busy culture”?

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What was one outcome of Iceland’s 4-day workweek trial?

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The word “negligible” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:

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What is implied about workplace culture in competitive sectors?

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What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

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You have 20 minutes to plan, write and review an essay on the topic given below.

In many cities, surveillance cameras are used to reduce crime and increase
public safety. However, some people believe these cameras invade privacy
and do not actually deter criminals. Should cities continue to increase the
use of surveillance cameras in public places?

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